Federal People’s Initiative
For the protection
of human rights and sanctions against war crimes
Why the initiative
Switzerland is founded on the principles of neutrality, peace and respect for the law. But neutrality must not serve as a pretext for evading responsibility. When war crimes and gross violations of human rights are committed systematically, Switzerland has a moral and legal duty to react.
This popular initiative stems from the will of citizens to ask the federal government to adopt concrete sanctions against natural and legal persons responsible for war crimes and serious human rights violations, wherever they may be.
Our proposal is based on respect for international humanitarian law, the protection of civilian populations and the need for ethical consistency in Swiss foreign policy. We demand that Switzerland does not remain indifferent to documented evidence of genocide, illegal occupation or systematic use of violence against civilians.
The initiative aims to strengthen Switzerland’s role as a responsible and credible actor in the international community, promoting justice and peace through legal and peaceful means: targeted economic sanctions and individual restrictions.
Switzerland has always placed the protection of human rights at the centre of its foreign policy. Neutrality should not be seen as an opportunity to remain indifferent to serious crimes, but as a value that requires us to intervene to stop them.
What is meant by war crimes?
War crimes are defined as serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the context of an armed conflict, as defined by the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the Additional Protocols and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
These crimes include, inter alia:
- Deliberate attacks against civilians or civilian targets (schools, hospitals, homes)
- The use of excessive force or prohibited weapons (such as white phosphorous)
- Collective punishment, forced deportations or humanitarian blocks
- Extrajudicial killings and torture
- The intentional destruction of essential civilian infrastructure
These acts are prohibited under international law, even in the absence of a UN Security Council resolution. Switzerland, as the depository of the Geneva Conventions, has a special responsibility to promote respect for these fundamental principles.
Topics
1.
An initiative not to be complicit
In the face of serious crimes such as the systematic destruction of cities, the death of thousands of civilians and the use of hunger as a weapon of war, Switzerland cannot remain a bystander. As a state founded on the protection of human dignity, law and peace, it has a duty to act.
This initiative demands that the Confederation’s foreign policy be consistent with its values and obligations under international law. Swiss neutrality must not be an alibi for inaction, but an instrument to actively promote respect for humanitarian law and human rights.
The objective is to create a stable and effective instrument that enables Switzerland to apply targeted sanctions against natural or legal persons responsible for – or benefiting from – serious violations of international law.
2.
Switzerland as a promoter of international justice
Switzerland has historically played a crucial role in international diplomacy and humanitarian law. However, in a global context where serious violations are often committed with impunity, it is crucial that Switzerland does not limit itself to verbal condemnations, but takes concrete action against the persons and entities responsible for war crimes. Only in this way can it strengthen its credibility as a promoter of peace, justice and human rights.
Sources:
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN): Article 1 – All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
- Geneva Convention: International Norms for the Protection of Civilians during Armed Conflict.
3.
Sanctions as an effective tool to stop crimes
Targeted sanctions – i.e. against natural and legal persons – are an effective tool to combat impunity. When used in a targeted and proportionate manner, they can help disrupt serious violations of international law by preventing perpetrators from continuing their activities or profiting from them.
Individual sanctions are increasingly adopted at the international level to counter war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights.
Sources:
- UN report on sanctions: Targeted sanctions are used to target perpetrators of violations, not entire states.
- Amnesty International: Individual sanctions strengthen the fight against impunity.
4.
Genocide as a formal legal accusation: the Palestinian case
This initiative is not directed against any specific nation or people, nor does it adopt an ideological or partisan stance. It is based solely on respect for international law and a commitment to oppose impunity for grave violations.
Il riferimento a casi concreti, come il conflitto in corso nella Striscia di Gaza, è necessario per dimostrare l’urgenza di strumenti efficaci di prevenzione e giustizia.
The reference to concrete cases, such as the ongoing conflict in the Gaza Strip, is necessary to demonstrate the urgency of effective instruments of prevention and justice.
On 21 May 2024, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defence Minister Yoav Gallant, accusing them of:
- War crime: use of starvation as a method of warfare, intentionally depriving the civilian population of Gaza of essential goods such as food, water, medicine, fuel and electricity;
- Crimes against humanity: murder, persecution and other inhuman acts as part of a widespread and systematic attack against the civilian population;
- Intentional attacks against civilians: criminal liability for attacks directed against the civilian population as civilian superiors.
The Court rejected the objections to its jurisdiction and found that there were good grounds for criminal prosecution.
On 26 January 2024, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) also upheld the claim brought by South Africa against Israel for possible acts of genocide in the Gaza Strip. While not yet ruling on the merits, the Court recognised the existence of a plausible risk of genocide and ordered immediate provisional measures to:
- Preventing acts of genocide;
- Ensure humanitarian assistance;
- Protect and preserve evidence of crimes.
La Corte ha preso atto di diversi elementi che potrebbero rientrare nella definition of genocide under Article II of the Convention:
The living conditions deliberately imposed on the civilian population;
The high number of civilian casualties, particularly children;
The systematic destruction of hospitals, schools, housing and essential infrastructure;
The public statements of incitement to hatred and annihilation by official representatives.
According to authoritative sources such as UNICEF, Amnesty International and Save the Children, thousands of children have been killed, maimed or injured by the bombing, often in the absence of military targets nearby. The entry of humanitarian aid has been systematically obstructed or prevented, and numerous independent accounts report attacks on bakeries, grain stores, humanitarian convoys and hospitals.
The few remaining doctors operate in desperate conditions, often without anaesthesia, without light, without medicine, while journalists and survivors report scenes of amputated children, entire families wiped out, and bodies under rubble. All these elements, which are now well documented, point to organised, systematic and deliberate violence.
In this context, Switzerland cannot remain neutral in the face of impunity. It is called upon to fulfil its international obligations through legal and peaceful means, such as targeted sanctions against anyone in a position of leadership who is responsible for serious violations of international law.
Images of these crimes are available for those who wish to learn more and see first-hand evidence of the documented atrocities.
5.
Other current examples of war crimes and human rights violations
In addition to the Palestinian case, which has shaken international consciences, numerous other contexts around the world show how urgent and necessary it is to have an independent, transparent and consistent sanctions mechanism capable of reacting impartially in the face of the most serious crimes.
Among the most documented cases:
Myanmar (Rohingya)
In 2017, a UN investigation concluded that the Burmese army committed “widespread and systematic massacres” and sexual violence against the Rohingya with genocidal intent. In November 2024, the ICC requested an arrest warrant for commander Min Aung Hlaing
Ethiopia (Tigray)
Joint reports by the UN and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission from 2021-2022 found torture, mass rape, crimes against humanity and the blocking of humanitarian aid. Amnesty has documented the use of rape as a weapon of war by multiple actors.
Cina (Xinjiang)
UN bodies and international NGOs have denounced repression, mass internment, forced sterilisation and forced labour against the Uyghurs as crimes against humanity.
The cases cited are documented by UN reports or ICC proceedings; the law would apply to anyone responsible for similar crimes.
These examples forcefully illustrate a key principle of the initiative:
Switzerland must adopt an even-handed and consistent policy of sanctions against anyone who commits war crimes or serious human rights violations, without exceptions and without double standards.
The criterion is not cultural, political or religious: it is legal, ethical and universal.
6.
Switzerland’s responsibility in the application of sanctions
As a member of the United Nations and promoter of universal moral principles, Switzerland has a responsibility to ensure that its foreign policy is consistent with human rights and international law.
Introducing a Swiss system of sanctions against natural and legal persons responsible for war crimes or serious human rights violations sends a strong signal about the Confederation’s ethical position within the international community. Neutrality cannot translate into indifference: remaining passive in the face of serious crimes is tantamount to tolerating them.
Switzerland cannot limit itself to verbal condemnations. It must use legal and peaceful instruments – such as targeted sanctions – to strengthen respect for international law.
- Article 1 of the Swiss Constitution: “The Confederation promotes internal cohesion and solidarity; it guarantees the protection of fundamental rights and promotes democracy and freedom.
- International treaties: Switzerland is bound by its obligations under the Geneva Conventions, the Rome Statute and the Genocide Convention.
- Geneva as the seat of international law: Switzerland is home to some of the most important international human rights institutions, including the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
This position gives it a special responsibility to lead by example.
7.
Switzerland as an example of leadership in global justice
By adopting this popular initiative, Switzerland could strengthen its leading role in promoting international justice, showing that concrete action can be taken even by small but influential nations.
Practical effects of the initiative
1.
Application of economic and diplomatic sanctions
Should the initiative be accepted, Switzerland will adopt an independent and binding mechanism to impose economic and diplomatic sanctions against natural and legal persons responsible for serious war crimes or human rights violations. The measures could include:
- Freezing of assets and capital in Switzerland
- Entry and residence bans
- Exclusion from contracts, partnerships and diplomatic negotiations
- Targeted trade and financial restrictions
This approach does not punish entire peoples or governments en bloc, but focuses exclusively on identified perpetrators, based on concrete evidence, in accordance with the law.
2.
Acknowledgement of violations
Acceptance of the initiative would entail Switzerland’s formal recognition of serious human rights violations in international conflicts, including war crimes and genocide that have already been investigated and decided upon by international courts. This signal would strengthen Switzerland’s ethical standing in the global community and its determination not to be complicit in impunity.
3.
Greater consistency in foreign policy
Swiss foreign policy would become more consistent with the country’s long-standing principles of justice and human rights. By introducing sanctions, Switzerland would not merely condemn crimes verbally, but take concrete measures to stop them.
4.
Strengthening Switzerland’s position in the international community
The adoption of the initiative would strengthen Switzerland’s position as a leader in the defence of human rights and the promotion of international justice, showing that even neutral nations can play an active role in the protection of civilian populations.
With a concrete commitment, Switzerland could inspire other states to adopt similar measures against impunity.
5.
Impacts on the legal system and diplomacy
Acceptance of the initiative would imply a revision of Swiss foreign policy and legal regulations, with a greater emphasis on targeted sanctions against those responsible for war crimes. The Swiss authorities could cooperate with other international institutions, such as the UN, in the implementation of sanctions.
6.
Looking to the future
Supporting this initiative also means reaffirming a fundamental principle: neutrality is not indifference. It is the choice to defend justice and human dignity. In the future, when the crises and tragedies of our time are analysed, Switzerland can be remembered as a nation that had the courage to act.
7.
Examples of sanctions already adopted and the need for a binding instrument
In the past, Switzerland has applied targeted sanctions against regimes that seriously violate human rights and international law, including:
- Iran: economic and financial sanctions for its nuclear programme and human rights violations.
- North Korea: restrictive measures for its nuclear programme and illegal military activities.
- South Africa during apartheid: economic embargo and diplomatic restrictions to combat racial segregation.
- Russia: economic and diplomatic sanctions for military actions in Ukraine.
However, these measures were often taken in a discretionary and not always consistent manner, leaving room for double standards and delays in intervention.
The initiative proposes to create a clear, binding and impartial legal instrument that obliges Switzerland to apply sanctions against those responsible for war crimes and serious human rights violations without exception or political influence, thus ensuring consistency, transparency and effectiveness.
In a nutshell
What does this initiative call for?
That Switzerland applies targeted sanctions against natural or legal persons responsible for war crimes and serious human rights violations, even in the absence of binding UN decisions.
It is not a matter of punishing entire states, but of targeting the perpetrators: political leaders, the military, companies or groups involved in crimes.
Why is it important?
Today, many perpetrators of atrocities go unpunished. In some conflicts, very serious acts are committed – such as ethnic cleansing, torture, starvation used as a weapon – without the perpetrators suffering any consequences. Switzerland, which presents itself as a neutral country and defender of human rights, cannot remain silent.
What would change if this initiative was accepted?
- Concrete sanctions: suspension of scientific, cultural, military, educational or economic cooperation, and of any activity that could contribute to the financing, laundering of funds or logistical support of persons, state authorities or legal entities directly involved in serious international crimes.
- Greater coherence: Switzerland will be more consistent with its values and will not judge on the basis of political or economic interests, but on the basis of facts and law.
- Protection of people: The initiative will help stop violence against civilians and protect innocent people in conflicts.
What can you do?
You can make a difference. Your signature is a first step towards justice and human rights. It is a clear message: no more complicity, no more silence. With a simple gesture, we can change history.a.
The full text
FEDERAL POPULAR INITIATIVE
«For the protection of human rights and sanctions against war crimes»
| Promoting committee | Voce per la Pace |
| Contact: | info@voceperlapace.ch |
| Website: | voceperlapace.ch |
The full text is currently undergoing legal validation. It will be published shortly.
Faq
1. What is this popular initiative?
This initiative calls on Switzerland to impose economic and diplomatic sanctions against countries that severely violate human rights and international laws. The goal is to stop war crimes and protect civilian populations.
2. Why should Switzerland impose sanctions?
Many countries regularly violate human rights without facing any consequences. Switzerland has a long tradition of promoting peace and human rights and should take action to stop these injustices, including through targeted sanctions.
3. Who would be affected by the sanctions?
The sanctions would target the governments of countries that severely violate human rights and international humanitarian law, such as in cases of war crimes. They are not intended to harm the civilian population but rather the entities responsible for such violations.
4. Do sanctions really work?
Yes, economic and diplomatic sanctions are an effective tool to put pressure on violating governments. In the past, sanctions have been successfully used to end regimes like apartheid in South Africa and in other international situations.
5. How can I support the initiative?
You can support the initiative by signing the petition and raising awareness among others. Every signature counts to ensure that the initiative is considered by the Swiss authorities.
6. What are the legal implications for Switzerland if the initiative is accepted?
If the initiative is accepted, Switzerland will have to review its foreign and legal policies to implement sanctions against countries responsible for international crimes. This also involves a greater commitment to international diplomacy and human rights protection.
7. Does this initiative focus only on specific conflicts?
No, the initiative addresses all severe human rights violations, not just a specific conflict. However, one of the most relevant examples is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, where war crimes have been documented.
8. Could this initiative harm the Swiss economy?
It is true that adopting sanctions could have economic consequences for some sectors, but Switzerland has a solid and diversified economy capable of adapting quickly. Defending human rights strengthens the country’s international reputation, fostering new partnerships and economic opportunities. In the medium to long term, this decision can enhance Switzerland’s economic independence and its role as a credible and respected global actor.
9. Can I see evidence of the human rights violations mentioned?
Yes, there are numerous documented pieces of evidence, including images and official reports from the United Nations, Amnesty International, and other organizations. These documents clearly demonstrate the atrocities committed in various conflicts.
10. How will the sanctions be enforced?
If the initiative is accepted, sanctions will be enforced through economic and diplomatic measures, such as asset freezes, trade restrictions, and limitations on diplomatic relations with the responsible governments. Swiss authorities will collaborate with other nations and international organizations to monitor the effectiveness of these measures.
11. What are the political consequences for Switzerland?
Imposing sanctions could strain Switzerland’s diplomatic relations with some countries. However, Switzerland will continue to promote dialogue and diplomacy in all its international actions, aiming to minimize negative impacts on its interests.
12. How can we ensure that the sanctions are fair and targeted?
Sanctions will be adopted in accordance with international law principles and will be aimed specifically at those responsible for violations, without harming the civilian population. It will be essential to continuously monitor the effectiveness of sanctions through regular assessments.
13. Who decides if the initiative is accepted?
The initiative will be reviewed by the Federal Council and, if it gathers the required number of signatures, it will be put to a popular vote. Swiss citizens will have the final say.
14. How will we know if the law is being properly enforced?
To ensure transparency and democratic oversight, the promoting committee has already prepared three fundamental tools: an explanatory document, a draft implementation law, and an appeal for the creation of an independent national observatory. The observatory will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of sanctions, publishing periodic reports, and reporting any violations or omissions. Involvement of experts, NGOs, and civil society representatives will ensure impartial and effective oversight.